Which of the following actions should be avoided while using a ladder?

Using the top step of a ladder to stand on is an action that should be avoided because it significantly increases the risk of falling. The design of most ladders considers the lower rungs as the safest to stand on, as they allow better balance and stability. Standing on the top step leaves a person higher than the support structure, reducing their center of gravity and making them more susceptible to losing balance. This can result in dangerous falls that could lead to serious injuries.

In contrast, climbing with both hands free is a safe practice when using a ladder, as it allows for better balance and control. Positioning the ladder at the correct angle ensures stability and helps prevent tipping. Maintaining three points of contact—typically two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand—provides maximum stability while climbing or descending, which is crucial for safety. Therefore, avoiding the use of the top step is key to ensuring safety while using a ladder.