Which of the following are examples of physical removal?

Physical removal refers to methods that eliminate contaminants from surfaces or materials without altering the chemical structure of the contaminants. Each of the examples provided involves techniques that fit within this definition.

Using water from a pressurized or gravity flow system exemplifies physical removal, as this method washes away contaminants effectively without converting them into a different chemical form. Water acts as a solvent that carries pollutants away from a surface.

Evaporating a contaminant from fabric can also be considered a physical removal method. When a contaminant is evaporated, it transitions from a liquid state to a gas, effectively removing it from the fabric without altering its fundamental properties. This technique relies on changes in temperature and pressure but does not chemically change the nature of the contaminant itself.

Flame-treating contaminated clothing works similarly by utilizing heat to remove or destroy contaminants. While flame-treating can alter the physical state of a contaminant, the primary aim here is physical removal, as the goal is to clear the fabric of harmful substances without modifying their chemical structure.

Each example uniquely demonstrates physical removal, which is why the choice indicating that all are examples of this method is indeed accurate. By understanding these methods, individuals involved in hazardous waste operations can apply the appropriate techniques necessary for safe and effective